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Fifth Sun

Fifth Sun

By Camilla Townsend

A New History of the Aztecs. Oxford University Press, 2019.

16 min read30 min listen14 chapters

Summary of Fifth Sun book by Camilla Townsend

A riveting retelling of the story of the Aztecs—who actually called themselves the Mexica—as related by their own historians, exploring the rule of the civilization’s many kings and their complex political structures, as well as their suffering at the hands of the Spanish who conquered them.

Chapters in Fifth Sun book summary

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1

What do you get from this book? The Aztecs’ own account of the rise and fall of their civilization

2

The Aztecs’ story has been told by outsiders, but the words of Native historians show their history’s richness and complexity

3

Before the Mexica settled and formed their empire, their ancestors suffered at the hands of rival groups

4

The Mexica Empire was forged in war as a Triple Alliance of polities against one city’s domineering king

5

The Mexica Empire’s political strategy was a complex web dominated by the Mexica, who were ruthless in crushing rebellions

6

Axayacatl and Moctezuma II turned the Mexica-dominated Empire into an opulent civilization through war and ruthless political maneuvering

7

The arrival of the Spanish was resisted—counter to the myths of Mexica cowardice and worship of the invaders

8

Hernando Cortés defeated the Mexica’s empire through technological superiority, imported diseases, and manipulation of local resentments

9

Cortés oversaw rampant abuses of Spanish power, including the cruel execution of the last Mexica emperor

10

Punishing Spanish tribute drove the Mexica to rioting, but the brutal response of the conquerors crushed their resistance

11

Young Mexican writers recorded their forebears’ stories, even as indigenous people were devastated by disease and driven from the capital

12

Summary of the key insights

13

Selected critiques in brief

14

Final word

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Who should read Fifth Sun book

  • Lovers of a great tale
  • history fans
  • social justice advocates
  • those concerned about indigenous rights
  • anyone curious about the infamous Aztecs

About the author of Fifth Sun

Camilla Townsend

Camilla Townsend

Camilla Townsend is a professor of history at Rutgers University. She was educated at Bryn Mawr College and has studied Classical Nahuatl at Yale University. Her other publications include Indigenous Life After the Conquest (2021) and Here in This Year (2010).

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