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Ignorance

Ignorance

By Stuart Firestein

How It Drives Science. Oxford University Press, 2012.

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18 mins read

15 Key insights

A brief summary of Ignorance

A deep investigation into scientific research and discovery, illuminating how the process is more focused on ignorance—what isn’t known—than anything else, and how this is what spurs scientists to search for answers and push boundaries to propel humanity forward.

Key insights in Ignorance

1
What do you get from this book? How ignorance drives research, encourages innovation, and changes humanity for the better
2
Science is spurred forward by the lack of answers rather than the accumulation of knowledge
3
Objective data is critical to science, but errors and bias often result in false facts
4
Evolution has constrained our sensory and cognitive apparatuses, creating unpredictability and uncertainty
5
Experiments can sometimes prove underlying principles that are predictable, but more often progress is made through unpredictability and ignorance
6
Curiosity helps drive “conscious ignorance,” but if you’re not careful, you can get stuck researching false theories
7
Hypothesis-driven experiments require a narrow focus that non-scientists may have a difficult time understanding
8
Asking scientists the “right” questions gets you into their head, though it’s debated whether animals have the same cognitive abilities
9
Cognitive scientists have an easier time experimenting than theoretical physicists, who rely on hypotheses and data
10
The brain’s visual, sensory, and motor senses are incredibly complex, with new areas of ignorance only just coming to light
11
Humans retain memories even when they’re not important, though diseases like Parkinson’s affects our ability to move at similar speeds
12
Galileo made science accessible to everyone, which is vital since today’s tax dollars are going toward scientific research
13
Summary of the key insights
14
Selected critiques in brief
15
Final word

Who should read Ignorance

Science enthusiasts • scientists in any field • teachers and students • those interested in learning the limitations of the scientific method • anyone who has wondered how scientific discoveries are made

About the author of Ignorance

Stuart Firestein holds a Ph.D. in neurobiology and worked as a researcher at Yale Medical School. He is the recipient of the American Association for the Advancement of Science’s fellowship, and head of Columbia University’s Department of Biological Science. His articles have appeared in publications such as the Huffington Post and Scientific American.

author avatar

Stuart Firestein

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